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Australia and World War I
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Recruitment and conscription
Topic : Recruitment and conscription
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Propaganda
The Australian people were so keen to show their support that minimum standards were implemented to enable selectors to choose only the fittest and healthiest men
While enthusiasm for the war reached a summit with news of Gallipoli, the number of casualties soon changed the focus and people's impression of war
As numbers dropped after the initial excitement, recruitment campaigns had to be carried out and some standards were lowered to enable more men to apply
During recruitment campaigns, meetings were held, speeches were given and films were shown
Propaganda posters took several different approaches to entice young men, ranging from appealing to their sense of patriotism, to making them feel like cowards for not joining
As with all propaganda at the time, posters omitted the realities of war and often led men to have the false impression that war was more of a sport
By the end of 1916, support for the war had plummeted and society was forced to resort to other measures, including the issue of conscription
Conscription propaganda posters utilised various techniques of persuasion, notably fear and guilt to influence people to vote for 'the moral choice'
Chapter 2 :
The conscription debate
Support for the war was in decline which resulted in the number of voluntary enlistments decreasing
Between 1905 and 1909, Australia had a form of 'boy conscription' for young adolescent males
A law was passed in 1911 making it compulsory for males aged between 12 and 26, who had not been authorised with exemptions, to receive military training
Even though this law did not require the youths to serve overseas, it did receive opposition from the youths themselves as well as from their parents and employers
Some criticism was directed at the inadequate nature of the training the boys were being given, on the grounds that it would not be sufficient to defend the nation
A new Prime Minister of Australia, Billy Hughes, came into power and went against previous Labor traditions by attempting to introduce compulsory military service overseas
Hughes held a national vote for conscription in 1916 that did not receive a majority vote, although it was a relatively narrow margin
Hughes then broke away from the Labor Party and held another vote in 1917, in the hope that the public had changed its mind
Once again, the Australian public did not support conscription and Hughes resigned shortly after (but was later recommissioned)
Chapter 3 :
The arguments for and against
The issue of conscription dividing the country was highlighted by the relatively even split of `yes` and `no` votes during the two national polls
Conscription was particualrly controversial since even people within the same group could relate to it differently and therefore come to opposing opinions
Propaganda fuelled the debate, often by relying on methods of guilt, fear and shame, to move people to vote in a particular way
Support for conscription was promoted by the belief that the sacrifices of the Australians who had already served and been killed should not be in vain
Those not in favour of conscription often focused on the denial of the man`s right to freedom, as well as the wants of the Empire being put before the best interests of Australians
The Australian Labor Party, trade unions and the working class were all against conscription out of the belief that it made the already-wealthy employers more prosperous while the workers were sent to their deaths
The Anglican Church and the upper and middle classes of Australia were in favour of conscription because of their strong ties to Britain
Conscription was never introduced into Australia due to a lack of public support
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