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Women in World War II
Topic : Women in World War II
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Women on the home front
Women made valuable contributions during World War II on the home front
Often, women's activities during the War moved beyond their traditional roles in the household and family
Women encountered male resistance as they moved into the workforce
In the early months of the War, women formed organisations to help fill the positions left empty by men who left to fight overseas
The Australian Comforts Fund was revived for women to knit socks, scarves, and sweaters for soldiers
It was not until 1942 that the government considered using women as a source of labour
The Directorate of Manpower then employed women as workers in munitions factories and industry
Women juggled work and family during the War
Women had to improvise to ensure the well being of their families when rationing was introduced and basic everyday items became short in supply
Women also made valuable contributions in the Australian Women's Land Army (AWLA) which trained women in agricultural practices and employed them on farms around Australia
Chapter 2 :
Women in industry
By April 1941, it became apparent that Australia's workforce was diminishing
The Directorate of Manpower turned to women to provide labour for Australian war factories
The number of women employed in industry between 1939 and 1944 increased dramatically from 1000 to 145 000
Women were employed in munitions factories, making many items including bullets, weapons, bombs and aircraft pieces
Women were also employed in the transport industry, food production and administration
Women were pleased with their new employment opportunities
Women were only paid a fraction of a man's wage
Male-dominated trade unions opposed women's increasing roles in industry, fearing that women would continue their employment after the War
Conditions in industry were often dangerous and noisy and work in factories was repetitive and unchallenging
Employers were seldom open to suggestions regarding flexible hours and increases in wages
Chapter 3 :
Women in the armed forces
World War II saw the creation of branches of the Australian army, air force, and navy for women
Around 78 000 Australian women enlisted for duty in these services
In the early months of the War several paramilitary organisations were formed by women, such as the Australian Women's Transport Corp and the Women's Emergency Signalling Corp
Men often laughed at women's attempts to 'play soldiers'.
In April 1941, with the shortage of manpower in industry and the military services, the government allowed women to start their own branches within the armed forces
The Australian Women's Army Services (AWAS) supported the Australian Army in roles such as radio operation, driving and administration work
The Women's Royal Australian Navy Service (WRANS) was small, but provided invaluable technical support in telegraphing and communications
The Women's Australian Auxiliary Air Force (WAAAF) saw women engaged in a range of activities from domestic service roles to aircraft repair
Despite the exciting recruitment posters which encouraged women to join the armed forces and serve overseas, few women actually served overseas
Service in the armed forces provided women with opportunities they may not have received in peacetime
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