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Year 9 NSW
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Australia in its regional context
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Australia's links in the region
Topic : Australia's links in the region
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Political links
Australia's relations with the Asia-Pacific are its highest foreign affairs priority area, with an emphasis on political relations and defence
Australia's main links are with the three major powers and largest economies in the region: the United States, Japan and China, and with Australia's largest neighbour, Indonesia
The biggest changes in Australia's relations with its region date back to the late 1960s and early 1970s with the end of White Australia and, since its withdrawal from Vietnam and the opening of links with China, the beginning of a more rapid involvement in the Asia-Pacific region
Since 1996 the Howard government has been less keen on involvement in the Asian region, but its involvement has increased in its peacekeeping efforts in the New Guinea island of Bougainville and in the newly-independent East Timo
Other initiatives to strengthen ties with the region are expressed in Australia's participation in treaties and agreements such as ASEAN and ANZUS
Chapter 2 :
Australia's cultural links
Australia has been influenced by migrant cultures from over thirty countries
Australia`s strongest cultural influences up until World War II were British and Irish
Significant changes in Australia`s cultural links are due to increasing non-European migration and strengthened cultural, political and economic ties with the Asia-Pacific
These changes have prompted the view that Australia is a multicultural nation
Australia`s contemporary cultural links are reflected in its multicultural policy, tourism, technology, communications, sport, education and employment
Chapter 3 :
Migration
Each year approximately half a million people arrive in Australia, with approximately 13% of these coming from Britain and New Zealand, 7% from China, 6% from India and 5% from South Africa
Migrants seek entry into Australia for many reasons, including the desire for employment, or a humanitarian need for better living conditions
Many regard Australia as a multicultural society. Approximately, 25% of its 19.9 million people have been born overseas.
The increasing shift in the overseas sources of migrants from European to Asia-Pacific countries has brought many cultural, economic and geopolitical changes
Positive impacts include the increase of demand for infrastructure through the spending by migrants on food and housing, the expansion of regional business and investment links and additions to labour and skill levels
Chapter 4 :
Trade
Australia's political, immigration and cultural links with other countries are reinforced by trade and investment, with its high reliance on imports
Australia's current trade and economic policies, specifically its push for stronger trading links with Asia-Pacific countries, reflect the attempt at tackling problems such as foreign debt and unemployment
Although Australia relies heavily on its overseas foreign investment and employers, it is also a high exporter of goods, services and capital, with most exports going to the Asia-Pacific
Australia belongs to trading blocs, including the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (CER), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area (AFTA)
Australia's government has a regional headquarters program aimed at encouraging global companies to establish regional bases in Australia by promoting its image as a gateway to the Asia-Pacific with strong trade and cultural links with countries in this region
Chapter 5 :
Aid
Australia`s international aid programme focuses on the Asia-Pacific region which contains over half of the world`s 1.3 billion poor
Australia is the leading regional donor with a recent aid flow of $2.946 billion
Aid is based on an enlightened self-interest, where assisting the improvement of living standards increases the consumer income and consumption demands of regional countries, promoting economic and political stability, trade and investment
Aid may be also tied to humanitarian concerns. Australians pride themsleves on giving everyone a "fair go".
Regional aid is distributed mainly in the form of bilateral and multilateral aid
Chapter 6 :
Defence
Australian defence focuses on strategic interests tied to regional peace and stability
Australia`s region and strategic environment has become more complex. This is because of the increasing non-military nature of defence
Australia`s defence links include the ANZUS Pact, Five Power Defence Arrangements and ASEAN Regional Forum and military peacekeeping operations
Australia`s defence forces have contributed to regional peacekeeping by serving in combat operations and acting as UN and multinational peacekeepers and observers
Defence policies have converged strongly with the US in response to such non-military issues as counter-terrorism, refugees, illegal immigrants, trans-national crime and piracy, and environmental protection
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