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Issues in Australian environments
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Geographical issues and active citizenship
Topic : Geographical issues and active citizenship
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Areas of concern
The culture of the European settlers contrasted greatly with that of Aboriginal people
'Environment' refers to the physical (or natural) and built aspects of our surroundings
Natural resources provided by the physical environment are essential for human survival
Natural resources can be renewable or non-renewable
The built environment includes all the human elements of our surroundings
The built environment is influenced by economic, political, social and cultural factors
Human-induced disruption of ecosystems has led to plant and animal extinction
The over-use of fossil fuels has depleted supplies and led to extreme levels of pollution
Deforestation has destroyed habitats and contributed to land and water salinity problems
Australian society is becomming more and more unequal as the gap between rich and poor grows
Chapter 2 :
The need to manage
Environmental management needs to integrate the interests of all stakeholders
Stakeholders can come from the government, private and community sectors
Key goals in environmental management are sustainability, social justice and equity
Achieving sustainable development requires striving towards intergenerational equity
Sustainable development practices focus on long-term effects of decisions
Aiming for socially just outcomes increases the sustainability of our society
Aiming for equitable outcomes increases the sustainability of our society
Planning aims to reach a balance between development and environmental quality
Environmental Impact Assessments are used in the process of management
Conservation means using the environment in a sustainable manner
Chapter 3 :
Spatial and ecological dimensions
The spatial dimension compares patterns of where things are located in the environment
Spatial analysis attempts to explain patterns of where things are located
Taking a spatial approach involves comparing two geographical areas against a variable
The spatial dimension can be used to address inequalities between areas
Ecology involves studying the relationship between people and the physical environment
Ecology examines at the impact humans have on the physical environment and vice versa.
The biosphere is the total sum of ecosystems which are able to support life on Earth
The basic ecological unit within the biosphere is called an ecosystem
Ecosystems can be very large or very small
Within every ecosystem all living organisms affect one another
Chapter 4 :
Civics, active citizenship and individual action
'Citizenship' describes the relationship between an individual and a political community
Citizens of a society are granted certain rights and responsibilities
Modern understandings of citizenship were moulded by the French and US revolutions
Citizenship and nationality do not mean the same thing
Active citizenship differs from citizenship as merely a formal, legal status
Active citizens are those who identify and criticise things like injustice and exploitation
Active citizens participate in processes that help to change the status quo of their society
Active citizenship involves thinking about the way our lifestyles impact on others
Active citizenship involves thinking about how we impact upon the environment
Active 'global citizenship' means being aware of and taking an interest in global issues
Chapter 5 :
Non-government organisations
Non-government organisations (NGOs) are not-for-profit organisations
The vision of NGOs is usually to address some form of environmental or social concern
NGOs form the middle-ground between the government, private and community sectors
NGOs provide valuable services and fundraise for environmental or social justice causes
NGOs raise public awareness of issues of concern and advocate for change in that area
Some NGOs have an international focus, while others focus on domestic issues
Most NGOs have a specific environmental, health or social agenda
NGOs run campaigns, lobby politicians, organise public seminars and hold petitions
Funding in the NGO sector is limited so the use of volunteers is vital to its functioning
NGOs usually have great deal of expertise in dealing with community issues
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