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Issues in Australian environments
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Case study: Adelaide's drinking water crisis
Topic : Case study: Adelaide's drinking water crisis
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Geographical process
Australia's rivers have been disrupted by damming and diverting their water
Land and water salinity has resulted in less clean, fresh drinking water being available
Water salinity has become a major problem in many urban centres, particularly Adelaide
Adelaide depends on the Murray-Darling River system for much of its drinking water
Diverting water from the Murray-Darling upstream means less is available downstream
Salinity is a big concern for users of water within the Murray-Darling Basin
Salinity issues are of most concern surrounding the mouth of the Murray River in SA
Water salinity can be seen as relative to the amount of land affected by salinity
Initiatives to improve water in Adelaide cannot be isolated to SA
Responsibility for the Murray-Darling's water quality falls on every State and Territory that uses it
Chapter 2 :
Perceptions of different groups
The Murray-Darling River system is a major source of water for many competing interests
The perceptions of the stakeholders within the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) vary greatly
Users downstream believe their drinking water is being degraded by upstream users
Users upstream feelit is likely they may soon end up facing a drinking water crisis
Rural users depend upon the river for their domestic needs and their economic livelihood
The availability of water significantly affects the quality and quantity of farmers' produce
Poor quantity and quality of produce threatens farmers' abilities to maintain their income
There is a perception that the agricultural industry caused Australia's salinity crisis
Many farmers believe they should be compensated for losses resulting from low yields
Negative economic trends in rural Australia are often followed by adverse social trends
Chapter 3 :
Decision-making process: The Cap initiative
The Murray-Darling Basin Initiative aims to reach solutions for water use
'The Cap' was introduced in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in 1995
If it was not introduced the problems faced in the MDB would have been exacerbated
The Cap places a limit on the amount of water that users can divert from the rivers
Each State or Territory government is responsible for implementing the Cap in their area
The Murray-Darling Basin Commission (MDBC) assesses compliance with the Cap
An Independent Audit Group (IAG) conducts annual audits in each Cap valley
The Cap aims to strike a balance between environmental quality and consumption needs
The Cap was not intended to be a restriction on development within the MDB
Although not specifically targeted at improving Adelaide's water, the Cap will be positive for this
Chapter 4 :
Responses of different groups
On the whole, the Cap has received support from all interest groups
Compliance with the Cap has varied between each State and Territory jurisdiction
South Australia and Victoria have displayed good records of compliance
New South Wales has been found to have breached the Cap on occasions
The Australian Capital Territory and Queensland divert less water than the other States
Cap arrangements in the ACT and Qld jurisdictions are therefore much less rigid
Each jurisdiction is able to present submissions to the IAG after its annual Cap audits
SA and Vic have responded well to the recommendations in the IAG's reports
NSW has expressed reservations about the policy of conducting annual audits
Chapter 5 :
Implications for sustainability, social justice and equity
The Cap has already brought about many social and economic benefits
The benefits already experienced since the Cap was introduced look likely to continue
Adelaide's drinking water quality has not continued to deteriorate at the rate it was
The Cap has made it easier for farmers to predict the future productivity of the land
The Cap has increased water trading and reduced tension between different users
The Cap has provided a platform for discussion across the different jurisdictions
There is no certainty that current diversion levels of the Cap are ecologically sustainable
The Cap does not address some of the fundamental causes of land and water salinity
This strategy does not solve the problem of unsustainable agricultural practices
Most agree that the Cap is a socially just and equitable management strategy
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