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Year 9 NSW
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All about us (The human body)
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Our body
Topic : Our body
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Respiratory and circulatory systems
The respiratory system supplies our body with oxygen and removes metabolic waste products
Breathing is an involuntary body action which is controlled by the lower part of the brain called the medulla oblongata
Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells
The circulatory system comprises the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body
The body`s circulatory system has three distinct parts: pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation and systemic circulation
Chapter 2 :
The musculoskeletal system
All our movements involve several different muscles working together
The axial skeleton forms the central axis (line) of our body
The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and the shoulder girdle
There are three main types of muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Muscle fibres are long, multinucleated cells also known as myocytes
Chapter 3 :
Nervous system
Neurons are cells that make up our nervous tissue
A synapse is the functional connection between a nerve cell`s axon and target cells
All messages are passed between connected neurons in the form of chemicals called neurotransmitters
The nervous system has two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord
The PNS consists of all the nerves in the body that lie outside the brain and spinal cord
Chapter 4 :
Digestive system
Food nutrients are converted into smaller particles in a process called digestion
Peristalsis is the rippling motion of muscles in the digestive tract
The organs of our digestive system move nutrients through the digestive tract with their wall muscles
In the process of evolution, our intestines became very long in order to allow time to absorb as many food nutrients as possible
Most absorbed materials cross the mucosa and are carried off by our bloodstream to other parts of the body
Chapter 5 :
Reproductive system
Eggs are produced in glands which produce sex cells, called ovaries
All females` eggs are formed in the ovaries before birth and remain inactive until puberty
Mature eggs move into the fallopian tube in a process called ovulation
Male sex cells, called sperm, are produced in the testes
Sex cells are brought into contact through the process of sexual intercourse
Chapter 6 :
Human health
Health is the state of the body, characterised by complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not just by the absence of disease or injury
Human health is influenced by our circumstances, beliefs, culture and social, economic and physical environments
Three vital components of good health are: good nutrition, a healthy mind and adequate exercise
The best way of fighting disease is its prevention
Substance abuse involves the misuse of different chemicals (stimulants or depressants) that can alter the functioning of the mind and body
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