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Year 9 NSW
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Introducing chemistry
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Materials
Topic : Materials
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Metals
Metal has a number of properties specific to metallic substances
Different metals express these properties at different levels
An alloy is the combination of two or more elements, one of which is a metal
The parent metal is that which makes up most of the alloy
A mineral is a metal found as a compound in rock
An ore is a commercially viable mineral
Gangue is the waste product of ore
There are two main stages of metal extraction, physical and chemical
Smelting uses carbon to react chemically with the oxides, leaving pure metal
Electrolysis exploits electrical charge in metal to separate it from the gangue
Chapter 2 :
Non-metals
Carbon is the only non-metal in group IV
Carbon is versatile because the four electrons in its outer shell can form up to three bonds with itself or up to four bonds with itself and other elements
An allotrope of an element is a different molecular form of the element containing either a different number of atoms and/or a different structure
Non-metals tend not to conduct heat or electricity
Chapter 3 :
Colloids
A colloid is a substance containing insoluble particles
Particles can be solid, liquid or gas and cannot be filtered
The dispersion medium holding the particles can also be solid, liquid or gas
The particles in a colloid do not dissolve, which means a gas-gas colloid is not possible
The Tyndall effect is when particles can be observed using light
A gelatinous colloid (gel) is a mixture of solid and liquid
Gel contains mostly liquid but behaves like a solid
Chapter 4 :
Ceramics
Silicate is a combination of silicon and oxygen formed when rocks break down
'Ceramic' is a term that describes materials with a number of similar properties that distinguish then from materials such as metal
Wet clay loses its ability to be moulded when fired at a high temperature
Glaze is finely ground glass that melts to form a water-resistant surface
Modern ceramics include elements that make the ceramic item less likely to shatter and resistant to thermal shock
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