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Subatomic structure
Topic : Subatomic structure
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Advanced electron shells
The strength of attraction between protons and electrons depends on the distance between the nucleus and the shell occupied by the electrons
Group I elements are prone to losing their valence electron
Group VII elements tend to gain an extra electron to stabilise their outer shell
Hydrogen acts like a group I or group VII element during reactions
Transition metals have one or two valence electrons but react unpredictably
Metals form cations in ionic compounds
Non-metals form anions in ionic reactions or share electrons with other non-metals in a covalent bond
Group IV elements have a ±4 valency and their behaviour during a reaction varies
Quantum mechanics is the study of the behaviour of matter
Chapter 2 :
Properties and sub-atomic structure
Metals want to give away their valence electron/s to form a stable outer shell
The weaker the attraction between the nucleus and an electron shell in a metal, the easier it is to lose electrons
Electronegative elements (usually non-metals) want to gain electrons to form a stable outer shell
The stronger the attraction between the nucleus and an electron shell in an electronegative element, the easier it is to gain electrons
Electrostatic force is the charge between particles
Free-moving ions allow a substance to conduct energy
An electrolyte is a solution containing free-moving ions
An electrode is a conductor carrying a positive or negative charge
Electrical current comes from the movement of ions
Radiation is the emission of energy from a substance
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