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Reactions
Topic : Reactions
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Advanced acids and bases
Metal oxides are hydrogen ion acceptors that react like a base
Aqueous substances are those that are dissolved in water
Aqueous non-metal oxides are hydrogen ion donors and react like an acid
Acid rain is the mixture of precipitation with sulphur dioxide
Carbonates are hydrogen ion acceptors
Chapter 2 :
Reaction rates
Reaction rates are measured in terms of the amount of product or the amount of reactant used up
Yield is the amount of product resulting from a reaction
Activation energy excites atomic particles, quickening the reaction rate
Catalysts are substances used to quicken the rate of reaction but which remain unaffected
Inhibitors are used to slow the rate of reaction but remain unaffected by the reaction
Equilibrium is the point at which the reactants stop reacting
Product management is removing a product as it is formed to increase the yield of the reaction
Reactant management is making sure that the reactants are in the optimum state to react
A mole is 6.023 x 1023 atoms of any element
The atomic mass of an element is its mole weight in grams
Chapter 3 :
Energy and change of state
Exothermic reactions release heat
Endothermic reactions absorb heat
Thermoneutral reactions neither release nor absorb heat
The subscript notations (s), (l), (g) and (aq) indicate the solid, liquid, gas or aqueous state of reactants and products
Chapter 4 :
Types of reactions
Combustion is an exothermic chemical reaction
Ignition is the act of starting a combustion reaction
Corrosion is the decay of metal when metal reacts with oxygen
Precipitation is a reaction that results in an insoluble solid product
Combination reactions occur when two or more reactants form a single product
Decomposition occurs when a single compound reacts to form two or more products
A surfactant is a substance that alters the surface tension of a liquid
Saponification is the process by which fat or oil reacts with an alkaline solution to make soap and glycerol
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