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Year 9 NSW
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Materials
Topic : Materials
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Advanced metal
Atoms in metal sit in a three-dimensional lattice pattern
Delocalised electrons are those that belong to the lattice and are free to move
Localised electrons are those that belong to a specific atom
Delocalised electrons give metal its conductive properties
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force between metal atoms
Metallic bonding and metal's lattice formation gives metal its malleability and ductility
Metal`s high melting point implies that the forces between its particles are strong
Metal`s high density implies that metal atoms are tightly packed together
Metal's lustre implies that metal reflects light
Chapter 2 :
Advanced carbon
Covalent bonding requires at least one electron from each atom
Unsaturated carbon compounds are created when carbon forms double or triple bonds with itself
Saturated carbon compounds are those where carbon forms single or no bonds with itself
Bonding electrons are those that are shared between atoms
Non-bonding electrons are those on the outer shell not shared by the atoms
Non-bonding electrons form lone pairs
An electron dot diagram shows the electrons in the outer shell with the bonding electrons facing each other
The structural formula of a molecule uses a line to represent a pair of bonding electrons and represents the shape of the molecule
An isomer is a compound with the same molecular formula arranged in a different structure from standard molecules
Hydrocarbons are simple organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
Chapter 3 :
Polymers and fibres
Polymers are chains of molecules
Monomers are the units of molecules that make up a polymer
A polymer containing more than one type of monomer is a co-polymer
Scientifically, the word 'plastic' is an adjective meaning 'able to be moulded'
Thermoplastic polymers have long, thin parallel strands of molecules with weak bonds between the strands
Thermoset polymers have a network of strands with strong crosslinks
Plant-based fibres contain plant cellulose polymers and animal-based fibres contain protein polymers
Synthetic fibres contain petroleum polymers
Monofilaments contain chains of molecules that are the same length as the fibre, which means it is harder to break
The crosslinks in a polymer, or its structure, determin whether the fibre is elastic
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