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The origin of the universe
Topic : The origin of the universe
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Creation stories
Many different theories about the creation of the universe have existed over time
In ancient times, the idea of 'birth' played a very important role in creation myths
Indigenous peoples of Australia believed the Sun Mother and the Father of All Spirits made the Earth
In Greek creation myths, the gods Gaia and Uranus created plants, animals and stars
In Japanese creation myths, the figures Izanami and Izanagi created the sun and the moon
Chapter 2 :
Theories and discoveries: a history
For thousands of years people had only a religious explanation of the origin of the universe
According to Aristotle, logic and reasoning were the main instruments of scientific investigation
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to propose the heliocentric model of the solar system
Albert Einstein was the first scientist to discover the relationship between the mass of an object and the energy that it can generate
The Milky Way is a galaxy made up of millions of different stars
The Big Bang is the name given to the astrophysical theory about the origin of our universe
Chapter 3 :
Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Einstein`s theory of relativity was developed as an attempt to unite the laws of mechanics with the laws of electromagnetic fields
Galileo stated that all motion was relative and that there was no absolute and well-defined state of rest
Einstein stated that distance and time are not absolute parameters and depend on the observer
Einstein`s special theory of relativity is a description of interactions between moving objects
Einstein`s general theory of relativity states that gravity pulling in one direction is equivalent to acceleration in the opposite direction and that both are equivalent to the curvature of space-time
Chapter 4 :
Doppler Effect
The Doppler effect is the change in wavelength of light, radiation or sound from a source due to its relative motion
Visible light waves are electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic waves are caused by the up-and-down motion of electric and magnetic fields
Edwin Hubble used the Doppler effect to determine that the universe is expanding
If a star is moving towards us, its pattern of the spectrum is shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum
If the star is receding, the pattern moves to redder wavelengths
Chapter 5 :
Hubble and his telescope
The light from distant stars and galaxies has distinct spectral characteristics
Hubble's law states that the redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance from the Earth
A telescope is an instrument designed to gather light or radiation from a large area and bring it into focus
The purpose of most astronomical telescopes is to provide the brightest possible images
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a telescope in orbit around the Earth
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