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Year 9 NSW
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Force and gravity
Topic : Force and gravity
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Early thoughts
Our thoughts about mechanics have changed over the centuries
Greek philosophers believed that objects were only in motion if a constant force was applied
In the 6th century, John Philoponus suggested that objects gained impetus when in motion
Galileo studied the motion of objects and discovered their acceleration due to gravity was the same
Galileo also discovered that objects tend to stay at the same velocity unless acted upon by another force
Newton's Laws of Motion were highly influential to modern physics
Chapter 2 :
Newton's First Law: inertia
Isaac Newton's Laws of Motion are used to explain the motion of objects
Newton's First Law states that an object tends to stay at rest or in motion
In order for an object's motion to change, a force must be applied to it
Newton's First Law was strongly influenced by Galileo's theories about inertia
Inertia can be felt while riding in a motor vehicle
Seatbelts stop a person from moving due to inertia when a car stops suddenly
Chapter 3 :
Newton's Second Law: F = ma
Newton's Second Law states that force, mass and acceleration are closely connected
When forces are balanced, objects remain stationary or in motion
When forces are unbalanced, objects accelerate
An object does not require a force acting upon it to remain in motion
Force is measured in newtons
One newton is the amount of force required to accelerate 1 kg of matter 1 m/s
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Chapter 4 :
Newton's Third Law: action and reaction
Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's Third Law can be seen in many places in daily life
Two people pushing off each other are an example of action and reaction forces
The mass of objects changes how the action and reaction forces affect them
Newton's Third Law is why many forms of propulsion, such as rockets and jets, work
Newton's Third Law also explains why aeroplanes can fly
Chapter 5 :
Mass, weight and gravity
Gravity is a force that attracts all objects to one another
When an object's mass is greater, its gravitational force is greater
The closer to an object you are, the greater its force on you is
Mass refers to the amount of matter that an object contains
Weight refers to how strongly gravity affects an object
Celestial objects orbit one another because of gravity
Chapter 6 :
Friction
Objects do not continue moving on Earth because they are stopped by friction
Friction is a force that resists motion when one object is in contact with another
Rough materials exert more friction than smooth ones
Sliding friction happens when one object slides over another
Rolling friction happens when a round object rolls from one place to another
Fluid friction happens between a solid and fluid such as a gas or liquid
Friction can be a helper or a hindrance
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