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Year 9 NSW
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Microorganisms and the human body
Topic : Microorganisms and the human body
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Beneficial microorganisms
The nitrogen cycle is the cyclic movement of nitrogen in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment
Microbes 'clean up' waste products and remnants of dead organisms in a process called decomposition
Bioremediation is the use of living organisms for cleaning up oil spills and soil and water pollutants
The industrial application of living organisms is called biotechnology
One of the most important groups of medicines, antibiotics, is produced by fungi and bacteria
Chapter 2 :
Pathogenic microorganisms
Harmful microorganims are called pathogenic
All living organisms have a natural or acquired resistance mechanism called immunity
Invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the body is called an infection
Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes and prevention of human diseases
Bioterrorism is the deliberate use of microorganisms, or their toxins, to cause death or disease
Chapter 3 :
Human immune system
All living organisms have a natural or acquired resistance mechanism called immunity
The immune response is the general reaction of the body to substances that are foreign to it
The immune response as such consists of two steps: non-specific and specific
An antibody is a protein produced by the body`s immune system that recognises and helps fight infections and other foreign substances in the body
An antigen is a substance foreign to the body that stimulates production of antibodies by the immune system
Chapter 4 :
AIDS
AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a collection of disorders resulting from the destruction of T cells by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A retrovirus stores its genetic information on a single-stranded RNA molecule instead of the double-stranded DNA
Once inside the body, HIV starts replicating within T cells that are called T helpers or Th
According to all scientific research results, Africa was the place where the transfer of HIV to humans first occurred
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1 final exam
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